Author ORCID Identifier
Document Type
Conference Paper
Disciplines
1.2 COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Abstract
The prevalence of hate speech and offensive language on social media platforms such as Twitter has significant consequences, ranging from psychological harm to the polarization of societies. Consequently, social media companies have implemented content moderation measures to curb harmful or discriminatory language. However, a lack of consistency and transparency hinders their ability to achieve desired outcomes. This article evaluates various ML models, including an ensemble, Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM), and Linear Support Vector Classifier (SVC), on a public dataset of 24,792 tweets by T. Davidson, categorizing tweets into three classes: hate, offensive, and neither. The top-performing model achieves a weighted F1-Score of 0.90. Furthermore, this article interprets the output of the best-performing model using LIME and SHAP, elucidating how specific words and phrases within a tweet contextually impact its classification. This analysis helps to shed light on the linguistic aspects of hate and offense. Additionally, we employ LIME to present a suggestive counterfactual approach, proposing no-hate alternatives for a tweet to further explain the influence of word choices in context. Limitations of the study include the potential for biased results due to dataset imbalance, which future research may address by exploring more balanced datasets or leveraging additional features. Ultimately, through these explanations, this work aims to promote digital literacy and foster an inclusive online environment that encourages informed and responsible use of digital technologies.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_5
Recommended Citation
Qureshi, M.D.M., Qureshi, M.A., Rashwan, W. (2023). Toward Inclusive Online Environments: Counterfactual-Inspired XAI for Detecting and Interpreting Hateful and Offensive Tweets. In: Longo, L. (eds) Explainable Artificial Intelligence. xAI 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1903. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_5
Funder
Science Foundation Ireland
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publication Details
World Conference on Explainable Artificial Intelligence Publisher NameSpringer, Cham
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44070-0_5