An Overview of Explainable AI Methods for Diagnosing Brain Diseases

Nighat Bibi
Jane Courtney, Technological University Dublin, Ireland

Document Type Article

Array Volume 22, July 2024, 100345

doi:10.1016/j.array.2024.100345

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the

use of AI models in healthcare. These models have been demonstrated to

produce high accuracy in disease diagnosis and classification; however,

they do not reveal the reasoning behind their predictions. Their blackbox

nature makes them untrustworthy for medical diagnosis. However,

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques help determine the

basis on which AI models make predictions. This review paper provides an

overview of research conducted in the field of XAI for diagnosing, detecting,

and classifying brain diseases such as brain tumours, Alzheimer’s disease,

Dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Stroke, Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum

Disorder (ASD). It also highlights the importance of XAI techniques and

the significance of the research being conducted in this field. Finally, we

discuss the limitations of current XAI techniques and future research

directions. This study can help doctors, researchers, and policymakers

interested in the interpretability and explainability of AI models in

diagnosing brain diseases.