Document Type
Article
Disciplines
3. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination promises to improve outcomes for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (most notably those with advanced age and at high risk for severe disease). Here, we examine serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and outcomes in both old (>70 years) and young vaccinated (n = 80) and unvaccinated (n = 91) subjects, who were hospitalized due to COVID- 19 pneumonia in a single center (Connolly Hospital Dublin). Outcomes included ICU admission and mortality. Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized as D30 (/L), D40 (30–49.99 nmol/L) and D50 (50 nmol/L). In multivariate analyses, D30 was independently associated with ICU admission (OR: 6.87 (95% CI: 1.13–41.85) (p = 0.036)) and mortality (OR: 24.81 (95% CI: 1.57–392.1) (p = 0.023)) in unvaccinated patients, even after adjustment for major confounders including age, sex, obesity and pre-existing diabetes mellitus. While mortality was consistently higher in all categories of patients over 70 years of age, the highest observed mortality rate of 50%, seen in patients over 70 years with a low vitamin D state (D30), appeared to be almost completely corrected by either vaccination, or having a higher vitamin D state, i.e., mortality was 14% for vaccinated patients over 70 years with D30 and 16% for unvaccinated patients over 70 years with a 25(OH)D level greater than 30 nmol/L. We observe that high mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia occurs in older patients, especially those who are unvaccinated or have a low vitamin D state. Recent vaccination or having a high vitamin D status are both associated with reduced mortality, although these effects do not fully mitigate the mortality risk associated with advanced age.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu15132976
Recommended Citation
Sanecka, Martyna; Youssef, Modar; Abdulsalam, Mohammad; Raza, Syed F.; Qadeer, Abdul; Ioana, Julia; Aldoresi, Alya; Shah, Syed I.; Al Lawati, Abdul; Feely, Joseph; Tormey, William P.; O'Neill, Eoghan; Cormican, Liam J.; Judge, Eoin P.; McCartney, Daniel; and Faul, John L., "Hospital Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Vitamin D Status" (2023). Articles. 361.
https://arrow.tudublin.ie/scschbioart/361
Funder
This research received no external funding
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License.
Publication Details
Sanecka, M.; Youssef, M.; Abdulsalam, M.; Raza, S.F.; Qadeer, A.; Ioana, J.; Aldoresi, A.; Shah, S.I.; Al Lawati, A.; Feely, J.; et al. Hospital Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Vitamin D Status. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2976.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu15132976