Methodologies and considerations for bladder cancer detection with Raman based urine cytology

Authors

Laura T. Kerr, National University of Ireland, MaynoothFollow
Thérése M. Lynn, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
Ivor M. Cullen, University Hospital Waterford
Padraig J. Daly, University Hospital Waterford
Nigam Shah, University Hospital Waterford
Shirley O'Dea, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
Alison Malkin, Technological University DublinFollow
Bryan M. Hennelly, National University of Ireland, MaynoothFollow

Document Type

Article

Rights

Available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International Licence

Disciplines

3. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES

Publication Details

Early version of 'Methodologies for bladder cancer detection with Raman based urine cytology' from the journal Analytical Methods, 2016.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/ay/c5ay03300d/unauth

Abstract

Bladder cancer has the highest recurrence rate of any cancer. The American Urological Association recommends cystoscopic surveillance every 3–6 months for 3 years, and at least once a year thereafter, particularly for high-risk patients; however, cystoscopy is invasive, expensive, and is not without insignificant morbidity for the patient. Urine cytology is often used as an adjunct to cystoscopy; however, it has a low sensitivity in detecting low grade bladder cancers. Recent studies have investigated the application of Raman micro-spectroscopy for the detection of bladder cancer via urine cytology, and it has been demonstrated to significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity of urine cytology for low grade bladder cancer under ideal experimental conditions. In this paper we attempt to move Raman micro-spectroscopy a step closer to the clinic by systematically examining the potential of this technology to classify low and high grade bladder cancer cell lines under the stringent clinical conditions that can be expected in the standard pathology laboratory, in terms of consumables, protocols, and instrumentation. We show that the use of glass slides, traditional fixing agents, lengthy exposure to urine, red blood cell lysing agents, as well as common cell deposition methods, do not significantly impact on the diagnostic potential of Raman based urine cytology. This study suggests that urine samples prepared with the ThinPrep (R) UroCyte (TM) method and analysed with micro-Raman spectroscopy could provide a useful alternative to cystoscopy for long term bladder cancer surveillance.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.21427/4ff4-6b84

Recommended Citation

Kerr, L., Lynn, T., Cullen, I., Daly, P., Shah, N., O'Dea, S., Malkin, A., & Hennelly, B. (2016). Methodologies and considerations for bladder cancer detection with Raman based urine cytology. Royal Society of Chemistry. DOI: 10.21427/4FF4-6B84