Five-Year Follow Up of a Low Glycaemic Index Dietary Randomised Controlled Trial in Pregnancy—No Long-Term Maternal Effects of a Dietary Intervention

Authors

E.C. O'Brien, University College Dublin, Ireland
Aisling A. Geraghty, University College Dublin, Ireland
Elizabeth O'Sullivan, Technological University Dublin, IrelandFollow
J.A. Riordan, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Mary K. Horan, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Elizabeth Larkin, University College Dublin, Ireland
John Mehegan, Univresity College Dublin, Ireland
P.J. Twomey, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, University College Dublin, Ireland

Document Type

Article

Rights

Available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International Licence

Disciplines

3. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES, Obstetrics and gynaecology

Publication Details

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Five-year-follow-up-of-a-low-glycaemic-index-trial-O'Brien-Geraghty/a8c84b9b9fdf7f4cfd7ed24796aac0768719b8c0

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether a dietary intervention in pregnancy had a lasting effect on maternal outcomes of diet, HbA1c and weight retention 5 years post-intervention; and to establish whether modifiable maternal behaviours were associated with these outcomes. Design: Randomised control trial of low glycaemic index (GI) diet in pregnancy with longitudinal follow up to 5 years post-intervention. Setting: Dublin, Ireland (2007–2016). Population: In all, 403 women of 759 (53.1%) were followed up at 5 years. A total of 370 (intervention n = 188; control n = 182) were included in this analysis. Methods: Fasting glucose was measured at 13 and 28 weeks’ gestation and HbA1c (mmol/mol) at 5-year follow up. Weight retention (kg) from early pregnancy to 5 years post-intervention was calculated. Dietary intakes, anthropometry, and lifestyle factors were measured in pregnancy and 5 years post-intervention. Multiple linear regression models, controlling for confounders, were used for analysis. Outcome: Maternal diet, HbA1c, and weight retention at 5 years post-intervention. Results: There was no difference between the intervention and control at 5 years post-intervention for any long-term maternal outcomes measured. HbA1c at 5 years post-intervention was associated with early-pregnancy fasting glucose (B 1.70, 95% CI 0.36–3.04) and parity ≥3 (B 1.04, 95% CI 0.09–1.99). Weight retention was associated with change in well-being from pregnancy to 5 years (B −0.06, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.02), gestational weight gain (B 0.19, 95% CI 0.00–0.38), and GI (B 0.26, 95% CI 0.06–0.46) at 5 years. Conclusions: The ROLO low-GI dietary intervention in pregnancy had no impact on maternal dietary intakes, HbA1c or body composition 5 years post-intervention. Maternal factors and lifestyle behaviours in pregnancy have long-term effects on glucose metabolism and weight retention up to 5 years later. Tweetable abstract: Pregnancy factors are associated with maternal glucose metabolism and weight retention 5 years later.

DOI

https:/ /doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15500

Recommended Citation

O'Brien, E.C., Geraghty, A.A. & O'Sullivan, E.J. (2019). Five-Year Follow Up of a Low Glycaemic Index Dietary Randomised Controlled Trial in Pregnancy—No Long-Term Maternal Effects of a Dietary Intervention. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 126, no. 4, pg. 514-524. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15500 doi:10.21427/D7RJ9Z