Author ORCID Identifier

0000-0003-1418-4026

Document Type

Article

Disciplines

Environmental sciences, Climatic research, Water resources, Agriculture, Fishery

Publication Details

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969725009490#:~:text=Findings%20indicate%20that%20dietary%20patterns,acidification%2C%20eutrophication%2C%20ecotoxicity%2C%20human

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179313

Abstract

Food production and dietary patterns play a central role in the myriad interactions among human, animal, and environmental health, emphasising the need for a One Health approach, and this study aims to evaluate dietary patterns within this framework. A cross-sectional dietary survey of adults was undertaken (2021) with a sample size of 957 respondents, representative of the population of Ireland. Subsequently, a farm-to-fork life cycle assessment (LCA) was employed to assess nine human health and environmental impacts (fine particulate matter formation, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity and eutrophication, human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic toxicity and terrestrial acidification and ecotoxicity) across thirteen distinct dietary patterns: total population, rural, urban, omnivore, flexitarian, pescatarian, vegetarian, vegan, ‘meat-focused’, ‘dairy/ovo-focused’, ‘vegetable-focused’, ‘seafood-focused’, and ‘potato-focused’, employing the daily weight of consumed food (g/per capita/day) as the functional unit. Results indicate the ‘meat-focused’ diet exhibited the highest impact for fine particulate matter formation (8.00 × 10−3 kg PM2.5 eq person−1 day−1), marine eutrophication (6.60 × 10−3 kg N eq person−1 day−1), and terrestrial acidification (0.054 kg SO2 eq person−1 day−1). The ‘seafood-focused’ diet had the highest impact on freshwater (0.056 kg 1,4-DCB person−1 day−1) and marine ecotoxicity (0.069 kg 1,4- DCB person−1 day−1), freshwater eutrophication (8.36 × 10−4 kg P eq person−1 day−1), and human carcinogenic toxicity (0.144 kg 1,4-DCB person−1 day−1). In comparison, the ‘potato-focused’ diet exhibited the highest human non-carcinogenic (6.87 kg 1,4-DCB person−1 day−1) and terrestrial ecotoxicity (2.01 kg 1,4-DCB person−1 day−1). Transitioning from the “mean” diet to a vegan diet showed the highest percent decrease across all nine impacts (60.4 % - 107.3 %), followed by the ‘vegetable-focused’ diet (28.5 % - 66.2 %). Findings indicate adopting sustainable diets—’vegetable-focused’, vegetarian, and vegan—can improve human, environmental, and animal health; however, trade-offs should be considered. Effective consumer communication and policies can enhance awareness of the interconnectedness of diets within the One Health framework, supporting both environmental and health goals.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179313

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.

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