Document Type
Article
Rights
Available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International Licence
Abstract
The in vitro cytotoxic and intracellular oxidative stress responses to exposure to poly (propylene imine) (PPI) dendritic nanoparticles of increasing generation (number of repeated branching cycles) (G0-G4) were assessed in an immortal non-cancerous human keratinocyte cell-line (HaCaT). Confocal fluorescence microscopy with organelle staining was used to explore the uptake and intracellular trafficking mechanisms. A generation and dose dependent cytotoxic response was observed, increasing according to generation and therefore number of surface amino groups. A comparison of the cytotoxic response of G4 PPI and the related G4 Poly (amido amine) dendrimer indicates that the PPI with the same number of surface amino groups elicits a significantly higher cytotoxic response. The trend of cytotoxicity versus dendrimer generation and therefore size is discontinuous in the region of G2, however, indicating a difference in uptake mechanism for higher compared to lower generations. Whereas the higher generations elicit an oxidative stress response at short exposure times, the lower generations indicate and antioxidant response. Confocal microscopy indicates that, whereas they are prominent at early exposure times for the larger PPI dendrimers, no evidence of early stage endosomes was observed for lower generations of PPI. The results are consistent with an alternative uptake mechanism of physical diffusion across the semi-permeable cell membrane for the lower generation dendrimers and are discussed in terms of their implications for predictive models for nanotoxicology and design strategies for nanomedical applications.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3267
Recommended Citation
Byrne, H. et al. (2016) Structural dependence of the In vitro cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and uptake mechanisms of Poly(propylene imine) dendritic nanoparticles", Journal of Applied Toxicology, 36, 464-473 (2016). doi:10.1002/jat.3267
Funder
HEA
Included in
Biological and Chemical Physics Commons, Medicinal-Pharmaceutical Chemistry Commons, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons
Publication Details
"Structural dependence of the In vitro cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and uptake mechanisms of Poly(propylene imine) dendritic nanoparticles", Humza Khalid, Sourav Prasanna Mukherjee, Luke O'Neill, Hugh J. Byrne, Journal of Applied Toxicology, 36, 464-473 (2016)