High-sensitivity fiber optic temperature sensor based on Vernier effect in a polymethyl methacrylate capillary and barium titanate microsphere

Authors

• Zhuochen Wang, Technological University Dublin
• Ginu Rajan, Centre for Engineering Research in Intelligent Sensors and Systems
• Zhe Wang, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
• Anuradha Rout, Technological University Dublin
• Rayhan Habib Jibon, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
• Anand Vadakkedathu Raveendran, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
• Yuliya Semenova, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

ORCID

• Zhe Wang: 0000-0003-1169-360X
• Yuliya Semenova: 0000-0002-2906-0643

Abstract

This paper proposes and investigates a novel fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) temperature sensor that leverages the Vernier effect for enhanced sensitivity. The sensor comprises a cascade of two FPIs formed by a short polymethyl methacrylate capillary, a barium titanate microsphere, and a cleaved single-mode fiber. The Vernier effect, induced by the dual Fabry–Perot cavities, amplifies the temperature sensitivity. The fabrication process involves the precise alignment and gluing of components, resulting in a simple, cost-effective sensor. The experimental results indicate a temperature sensitivity of 1.90 nm °C⁻¹. The sensor also exhibits excellent repeatability and stability, making it suitable for various temperature monitoring applications.

Keywords

barium titanate glass, Fabry–Perot interferometer Vernier effect, fiber temperature sensor, PMMA

DOI Link

10.1088/1361-6501/ae33dd

Publication Date

2026-01-01

Publication Title

Measurement Science and Technology

Volume

37

Issue

4

ISSN

0957-0233

Deposit Date

2026-10-30

Funding

This research was supported in part by grants from the Science Foundation Ireland 13/RC/2077_P2 and 18/CRT/6222, Taighde ´ Eireann—Research Ireland under Grant Numbers 24/PATH-S/12787, Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship 2024 (GOIPD/2024/181), and Royal Society International Exchanges 2022 (IES\R3\223005)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Additional Links

https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105051824213

Recommended Citation

Wang, Z., Rajan, G., Wang, Z., Rout, A., Jibon, R., Raveendran, A., & Semenova, Y. (2026) 'High-sensitivity fiber optic temperature sensor based on Vernier effect in a polymethyl methacrylate capillary and barium titanate microsphere', Measurement Science and Technology, 37(4). Available at: 10.1088/1361-6501/ae33dd