ORCID
- Max J. Ammann: 0000-0002-1418-8142
Abstract
A wideband grid dipole with low passive intermodulation (PIM) distortion, low profile, and low cost is proposed for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) cellular base station applications. The proposed dipole with a high ratio of unbalanced to balanced current can be achieved by introducing a circular loop at the center of a dipole arm to suppress the unwanted current traveling from the dipole arm to outer coaxial shield. As a result, the profile can be reduced from 0.25λ 0to 0.19 λ 0 due to a 6-dB improvement in PIM performance. The third-order PIM distortion <-151 dBc (at 2 × 43 dBm carriers) is obtained over the operating bandwidth. The 14-dB impedance bandwidth is 43% over the frequency range of 639-989 MHz.
Keywords
5G, balanced dipole, balun, cellular base station antenna, crossed dipole, dual polarized, dual slant, high balance ratio, interference, low passive intermodulation (PIM), low-cost, low-profile, multi-input multi-output (MIMO), nonlinear, PIM, reverse treated electrodeposited copper foil, third-order intermodulation, unbalanced dipole, wideband antenna, ± 45A °, λ/4
DOI Link
Publication Date
2025-01-01
Publication Title
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume
73
Issue
4
ISSN
0018-926X
First Page
2369
Last Page
2374
Deposit Date
2026-10-22
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Additional Links
Recommended Citation
Wong, K., & Ammann, M. (2025) 'A High Balance-Ratio Dipole with Low Passive Intermodulation Distortion', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 73(4), pp. 2369-2374. Available at: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3515268