ORCID

Abstract

This article proposes a planar dual-band beam-steering compact antenna for Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) estimation in on-body Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The antenna operates at 2.34 and 5.65 GHz bands, with a diameter smaller than λ/2 and a profile of λ/100 , where λ is the wavelength at the lower band. The spherical modes theory is used to discuss the beam-steering and dual-band characteristics, demonstrating continuous beam-scanning performance across the entire horizontal plane. These properties are then studied to realize AoA estimation, where the performance is tested in free space and with a multilayer phantom. Overall, it is demonstrated that a measured peak error of 0.275° is realized in the free space case, increasing to 0.52° for the on-body setup. Owing to its small size, ultralow profile, advanced beam-steering characteristics, good on-body performance, specific absorption rate values below the established limits, and dual-band operation, the proposed technique is expected to find favorable applications in many emerging on-body IoT devices.

Keywords

Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) estimation, beam-steering antennas, dual-band antennas, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, localization, multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, on-body devices, planar antennas, spherical modes theory

Publication Date

2025-01-01

Publication Title

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Volume

12

Issue

13

First Page

23921

Last Page

23932

Deposit Date

2026-10-22

Download


Share

COinS