Ashley E. Russell, John Hopkins University
Alexandra Sneider, John Hopkins University
Kenneth W. Witwer, John Hopkins University
Paola Bergese, Universita degli Studi di Brescia
Suvendra N. Bhattacharyya, Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
Alexander Cocks, Cardiff University
Emanuele Cocucci, John Hopkins University
Uta Erdbrugger, Unviersity of Virginia
Juan M. Falcon-Perez, Basqu Foundation for Science
David W. Freeman, National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore
Thomas M. Gallagher, Loyola University, Chicago
Shuaishuai Hu, Cardiff University
Yiyao Huang, College of Pharmacy, Columbus
Steven M. Jay, University of Maryland
Shin-ichi Kano, Birmingham School of Medicine
Gregory Lavieu, PSL Research University
Aleksandra Leszczynska, University of California, San Diego
Alicia M. Llorente, Oslo University
Quan Lu, Technological University Dublin
Vasiliki Mahairaki, John Hopkins University
Dillon C. Muth, University of Washington School of Medicine
Nicole Noren Hooten, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
Matias Ostrowski, University of Buenos Aires
Ilaria Prada, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milan
Susmita Sahoo, Ghent University
Tine Hiroth Schoyen, John Hopkins University
Lifu Sheng, University of Washington School of Medicine
Deanna Tesch, Shaw University Raleigh
Guillaume Van Niel, INSERM, Paris
Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Ghent University
Frederik J. Verweij, INSERM, Paris
Ana V. Villar, Universidad de Cantabria
Marca Wauben, Utretch University
Hang Yin, Tsinghua University
David Raul Francisco Carter, Oxford Brookes University
Pieter Vader, University Medical Centre, Utretch

Document Type

Article

Rights

Available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International Licence

Disciplines

1.6 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Publication Details

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Abstract

Paracrine and endocrine roles have increasingly been ascribed to extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by multicellular organisms. Central to the biogenesis, content, and function of EVs are their delimiting lipid bilayer membranes. To evaluate research progress on membranes and EVs, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) conducted a workshop in March 2018 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, bringing together key opinion leaders and hands-on researchers who were selected on the basis of submitted applications. The workshop was accompanied by two scientific surveys and covered four broad topics: EV biogenesis and release; EV uptake and fusion; technologies and strategies used to study EV membranes; and EV transfer and functional assays. In this ISEV position paper, we synthesize the results of the workshop and the related surveys to outline important outstanding questions about EV membranes and describe areas of consensus. The workshop discussions and survey responses reveal that while much progress has been made in the field, there are still several concepts that divide opinion. Good consensus exists in some areas, including particular aspects of EV biogenesis, uptake and downstream signalling. Areas with little to no consensus include EV storage and stability, as well as whether and how EVs fuse with target cells. Further research is needed in these key areas, as a better understanding of membrane biology will contribute substantially towards advancing the field of extracellular vesicles.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2019.1684862

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